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The Treaty of Alliance with France: Franco-American Treaty, was the defensive alliance between France and the United States of America, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, which promised military support in case of attack by British forces indefinitely into the future. Delegates of King Louis XVI of France and the Second Continental Congress, who represented the United States government at this time, signed the treaty along with The Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce at the Hôtel de Crillon in Paris on February 6, 1778〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The United States Statutes at Large )〕 formalizing a Franco-American alliance that would technically remain in effect until the 1800 Treaty of Mortefontaine,〔(The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1800 ) SS Dept of State, via archive.org〕 despite being annulled by the United States Congress in 1793 when George Washington gave his Neutrality Proclamation speech saying that America would stay neutral in the French Revolution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875 )〕 == Background == When the thirteen and The French foreign minister Choiseul had envisaged this taking place in alliance with Spain and involving a Franco-Spanish invasion of Britain.〔Longmate, Norman. ''Island Fortress: The Defense of Great Britain, 1604–1945''. Pimlico, 1991. pp. 183–85〕 Choiseul had been ready go to war in 1770 during the Falklands Crisis, but Louis XV had been alarmed by the British naval mobilization and instead dismissed Choiseul and backed down. As a result John Adams began drafting conditions for a possible commercial treaty between France and the future independent colonies of the United States, which declined the presence of French troops and any aspect of French authority in colonial affairs.〔(Model Treaty (1776) ), US Dept of State, via archive.org〕 On September 25 the Continental congress ordered commissioners, led by Benjamin Franklin, to seek a treaty with France based upon Adams draft treaty that had later been formalized into a Model Treaty which sought the establishment of reciprocal trade relations with France but declined to mention any possible military assistance from the French government.〔(French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782 ) US Dept of State via archive.org〕 Despite orders to seek no direct military assistance from France, the American commissioners were instructed to work to acquire most favored nation trading relations with France, along with additional military aid, and also encouraged to reassure any Spanish delegates that the United States had no desire to acquire Spanish lands in the Americas in the hopes that Spain would in turn enter a possible Franco-American alliance.〔 Despite an original openness to the alliance, after word of the Declaration of Independence and a British evacuation of Boston reached France, the French Foreign Minister, Comte de Vergennes, put off signing a formal alliance with the United States after receiving news of British victories over General George Washington in New York.〔 With the help of the Committee of Secret Correspondence, established by the U.S. Continental Congress to promote the American cause in France, and his standing as a model of republican simplicity within French society, Benjamin Franklin was able to gain a secret loan and clandestine military assistance from the Foreign Minister but was forced to put off negotiations on a formal alliance while the French government negotiated a possible alliance with Spain.〔 With the defeat of Britain at the Battle of Saratoga and growing rumors of secret British peace offers to Franklin, Spain sought to seize an opportunity to take advantage of the rebellion and abandoned negotiations with Holland to begin discussions with the United States on a formal alliance.〔 With official approval to begin negotiations on a formal alliance given by King Louis XVI, the colonies turned down a British proposal for reconciliation in January 1778〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Perspective On The French-American Alliance )〕 and began negotiations that would result in the signing of The Treaty of Amity and Commerce and The Treaty of Alliance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Treaty of Alliance (1778)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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